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BOILERDBFLEGTOR.

10.349.720 Patented sep1;.r28,1886.

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UNITED STATES f EDWARD S. T. KENNEDY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PATENT OFFICE.

BOILER-DEFLECTOR.'

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 349,720, dated September 28, 1886.

Application filed January 14, 1886. Serial No. 188,523. (No model.) A

To all whom t 'may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD S. T. KENNEDY, a citizen of the United States of North America, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a newV and useful Improvement in Boiler Deiiectors, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide an improvement4 especially applicable to vertical cylindrical boilers having radiating tubesboilers of the socalled porcupineV7 type-the improvement being designed to effect very considerable economies of fuel and'steam, to assure the quick getting up7 of steam; to prevent undue heating of the boiler-jacket; to insure a better circulation of water in this type of boiler; to prevent priming, and also to prevent the burning of the outer ends of the tubes, and consequently to increase the durability of the boiler and reduce the frequency and cost of repairs.

The invention consists, in combination with the boiler and its jacket, of horizontal flame- .deflectors of segmental form placed or fixed within the boiler combustion-chamber in position for protecting or shielding,'as far as may be desirable, the exposed ends of thetubes, and at the same time deflecting the heated products of combustion chieiiy toward the boiler-cylinder, all of which will be hereinafter fully set forth.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of the specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a porcupine boiler, showing my improved deiiector applied in several ways. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation showing a metal delector fixed in the brick boiler-jacket. Fig. 3 is a plan of the same. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation showing a boiler set with a water-jacket, and with hollow water-deflectors communicating with the jacket. Fig. 5 isa plan of the same. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation showing deiiectors riveted to the boiler-cylinder. Fig. 7 is a plan of the same. showing two or more deflectors forming a ring resting on the boiler-tubes. Fig. 9 is a plan of the same. Fig. 10 is a sectional eleva- Fg. 8 is a sectional elevation tion showing my improved deflector suspended from the boiler-tubes. Fig. 11 is a'plan of the same. Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation showing a brick deiiector built in to the brick boiler-j acket, and extending toward the boilercylinder. Fig. 13 is a plan of the same.

Though certain improvements in boilers of the porcupine type recently patented and applied by me very materially increased the durability, efficiency, and economies 'of the boiler, therestillseemed to be further improvements desirable inv order to make thisboiler the most economical and perfect of steam-generators. For instance, in the construction of the boiler the radial tubes would have to be set farther apart on either side of the vertical rivetseams of the boiler-cylinderthan at any other portion of the circle, andhence when the boiler was set in place and fired the tendency of the products of combustion would be up through the wider opening thus made, rather than upward through the narrower spaces between the other tubes, so that the heat would not be evenly distributed about the boiler. Again, the necessary free space between the outer ends of the tubes and the boilerinclosing shell always-affords the most direct Way for the escape of the products of combustion to the smoke stack, and-in their passage up ward they sometimes, if their temperature be very high, injuriously affect the tube ends and the boiler-shell also, sometimes distorting and burning both of them and imparting to the latter much heat, which is radiated from it into the open air and lost to all practical purposes. Again, it has in some instances been found in my practice; when the lower groups Y of tubes were of the usual length, and of, say, less than two inches in diameter, that the intense heat, acting on their outer ends, drives or repels the contained water therefrom, sometimes intermittently or in pulsations, and at times for longer periods, thereby seriously impairing the water-circulation, and when the tube ends have become unduly heated, because of the absence of water in them,if the furnace heat is reduced by the feeding of fresh coal or other cause,they become cooler, sufficiently so, though still perhaps red-hot, to permit the Water to enter them again. Then the entering water is at once almost explosively converted into steam, with the effect of not only causing priming,7 but of endangering the integrity of the tubes. All these objections to the porcupine boiler are obviated by my invention.

In the drawings, A represents the boilerjacket, which may consist of two concentric cylinders, with some non-conducting substance between them, as shown in Figs. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and ll, or with water between them, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, or may be of brick, as shownin Figs. 2, 3, 12, and 13, or may be of single thickness of plate-iron.

B is the boiler-cylinder, fixed centrally within the jacket, and G G represent the radialtubes thereof.

'Ihe grate-bars are shown at D, and the combustion-chamber E occupies all the space above' some of the boiler-tubes, with their convex edges in contact with the boiler-jacket and their concave edges toward the boiler-cylinder, preventing the passage of the products of combustion up about the tube ends at those points and deflecting the flame toward the boiler-cylinder, that it may impart its heat to the same. In Fig. 1,also,one of these deflectors F is shown suspended at b from one or more of the boiler-tubes, and one .of the deiiectors is riveted at c to the boiler-cylinder, and one of them is extended from the boilerjacket at d, being riveted thereto.

. In Figs. 2 and 3 are shown metal deectors F, with their convex edges inserted in and held by the brick boilerjacket at f.

In Figs. 4 and 5 are shown hollow metal detlectors' F, communicatingwith and extending from a boiler water-jacket, said deliectors being made hollow, that the water from the jacket may circulate in them, whereby additional steammaking surface is gained, and also more durable deliectors.

In Figs. Gand 7 the metal detlectors F are riveted to the boiler-cylinder at c.

In Figs. 8 and 9 two or more deiectors, F, are shown laid on the boiler-tubes,and lapping or buttingeach other, so as to form an annular defiector or ring,whose periphery is in contact with the boiler-shell, an annular space being left between the inner circle of the deiiector and the boiler-cylinder for the passage of the products of combustion.

In Figs. 10 and 11 are shown deflectors F, suspended from the tubes at b, and arranged to deflect the flame toward the boiler-cylinder.

In Figs. 12 and 13 brick deiiectors are shown built into and extending from the brick'boiler- Two are shown at a, resting on jacket at o, for the purpose of deecting the flame toward the boiler-cylinder.

In allinstances-the deiiectors are horizontal i and segmental or annular-annular when two or more of them placed together, as in Figs. 8 and 9, form a ring; hence in such case an annular deliector or several segmental deflectors are essentially the same. The positions in which the deliectors shall be placed are determined by various conditions. If the gratesurface extends but partially around the boilercylinder, a delector should be placed above the fire to direct the ame to the opposite side of the boiler. The upward draft is in some instances stronger at one point than at another. A deflector properly placed will regulate this.

The deflectors may be placed to direct the products of combustion more to any given portion of the boiler than to another portion, as may be desired.

Most of these detlectors are adjustable, it

will be seen, and can be easily and readilyput in place and removed.

I am aware that it is a common practice to arrange deflectors under boilers of various types, but am not aware that any deiiectors have been used with a boiler of this type, or that segmental or annular deflectors have ever been used in combination with an upright boiler.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. rIhe combination, with a boiler having a vertical cylinder with radiating tubes, -of a segmental or annular deflector adapted and arranged to detlectthe products of' combustion from one part of the combustion-chamber to another, substantially 'as herein shown and described.

. 2. As a means for protecting the exposed ends of the radiating water-tubes of a vertical boiler of the character herein shown and described, a horizontal segmental or annular deiector arranged in place by being laid on the tubes, as set forth. v

3. As a means for protecting the exposed ends of the radiating water-tubes of a vertical boiler of the character herein described, a segmental or annular deflector suspended horizontally from the tubes, substantially as herein shown and described.`

4. As a means for detlecting the products of combustion from one Apart of the combustion-chamber of a vertical' boiler having radiating water-tubes, the combinat-ion,with said boiler, of a horizontal segmental or annular deflector riveted to the boiler-cylinder, as set forth.

5. As a means for protecting the exposed ends of the radiating water-tubes of a vertical boiler of the character substantially as herein shown and described, a segmental or annular deflector riveted to the boiler-jacket and extending horizontally therefrom, as set forth.

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6. As a'lneans for protecting the exposed In testimony that I claim the foregoing as ends of the radiating water-tubes of a vertical my invention Ihafve signed my name, in pres- Io boiler of the character substantially as herein ence of tWo witnesses7 this 9th dey of January,

shown and described, and directing the name 1886.

5 to the boiler-cylinder, a segmental or annular l EDWARD S. T. KENNEDY.

deflector built into and extending horizontally Witnesses: from the brick boiler-jacket, substantially-as JACOB J. STORER,

HENRY C. FOLGER. Y v

set forth. 

